Foreword v Preface vu List of Illustrations xin Introduction The Cherokees and U S Indian Policy 1 The Cherokee People 1 Early Contact with British Colonists 5 The United States "Civilization" Program 7 Cherokee Culture Change 11 Pressure for Removal 14 Cherokee Resistance and Capitulation 18 1 Cherokee "Civilization" 24 Becoming "Civilized" 25 Young Wolf Last Will and Testament 1814 28 Cherokee Committee Ruling on Young Wolfs Estate 1824 30 A Cherokee View of "Civilization" 31 John Ridge Letter to Albert Gallatm February 27 1826 34 Christian Missions 43 Elizabeth Taylor Letter to Miss Abigail Parker June 26 1828 45 Sally M Reece Letter to Reverend Daniel Campbell July 25 1828 46 Nancy Reece Letter to Reverend Fayette Shepherd December 25 1828 47 Quantifying Cherokee "Civilization" 48 The Census of 1835 52 2 Georgia Policy 58 The Georgia Laws 61 Georgia State Assembly Laws Extending funsdiction over the Cherokees December 19 1829 and December 22 1830 63 Georgia and the Supreme Court 68 United States Supreme Court Worcester v Georgia March 1832 70 Dispossessing the Cherokees 75 Memorial of Protest of the Cherokee Nation June 22 1836 78 White Intruders 82 Zillah Hayme Brandon Memoir 1830-1838 85 3 United States Policy 92 In Defense of the Cherokees The "William Penn" Essays 94 William Penn [Jeremiah Evarts] A Brief View of the Present Relations between the Government and People of the United States and the Indians within Our National Limits November 1829 96 Lewis Cass Justifies Removal 105 Lewis Cass Removal of the Indians January 1830 106 Congress Acts 114 United States Congress Indian Removal Act May 28 1830 116 Andrew Jackson Applauds the Removal Act 117 Andrew Jackson State of the Union Address December 6 1830 119 4 The Cherokee Debate 121 Women and Removal 122 Cherokee Women Petition May 2 1817 124 Cherokee Women Petition June 30 1818 125 Cherokee Women Petition October 17 1821 [1831? ] 126 Ehas Boudinot's Editorials in the Cherokee Phoenix 126 Ehas Boudinot Editorials in the Cherokee Phoenix 1829 1831 130 The Treaty of New Echota 137 Treaty with the Cherokees 1835 139 The Opposition Continues 144 John Ross Letter in Answer to Inquiries from a Friend July 2 1836 147 The Treaty Party's Defense 151 Ehas Boudinot Letters and Other Papers Relating to Cherokee Affairs Being a Reply to Sundry Publications by John Ross 1837 153 5 The Trail of Tears 160 Enrollment 161 Memorial of Protest of the Cherokee Nation June 22 1836 162 Forced Removal 163 Evan Jones Letters May-December 1838 164 Removal through a Child's Eyes 168 Rebecca Neugin Recollections of Removal 1932 169 Rebuilding the Cherokee Nation 169 Ethan Allen Hitchcock Journal 1841 170 Epilogue 174 APPENDIX Chronology of the Cherokee Removal 176 Index 179