Volume I GENERAL INTRODUCTION I. THE PURITAN WAY OF LIFE i 1. The Puritan in His Age, 1 2. The Spirit of the Age, 5 3. Puritan Humanism, 19 4. The Essential Issue, 41 5. Estimations, 55 II. THE PURITANS AS LITERARY ARTISTS 64 Chapter I HISTORY 81 Readings WILLIAM BRADFORD go History of Plymouth Plantation, 91 THOMAS SHEPARD 117 A Defence of the Answer, 118 FRANCIS HIGGINSON 122 New Englands Plantation, 123 JOHN WINTHROP 125 Journal: The Landing at Salem, 126 The Antinomian Crisis, 129 EDWARD JOHNSON 143 Wonder-working Providence, 143 COTTON MATHER 162 A General Introduction, 163 Chapter II THE THEORY OF THE STATE AND OF SOCIETY 181 Readings JOHN WINTHROP 194 A Modell of Christian Charity, 195 A Defence of an Order of Court, 199 Journal, 202 Speech to the General Court, 205 JOHN COTTON 207’ Letter to Lord Say and Seal, 209 Limitation of Government. 212 ROGER WILLIAMS 214 The Bloudy Tenent of Persecution, 216 Letter to the Town of Providence, 224 NATHANIEL WARD 225 The Simple Cobler of Aggawam, 226 JONATHAN MITCHELL 237 Nehemiah on the Wall, 237 WILLIAM STOUGHTON 243 New-Englands True Interest, 243 WILLIAM HUBBARD 246 The Happiness of a People, 247 SAMUEL WILLARD 250 The Character of a Good Ruler, 250 JOHN WISE 250 Vindication, 257 JOHN BARNARD 256 The Throne Established by Righteousness, 270 JONATHAN MAYHEW 270 A Discourse concerning Unlimited Submission, 277 Chapter HI THIS WORLD AND THE NEXT ...... 201 Readings THOMAS HOOKER 290 A True Sight of Sin, 292 Meditation, 301 Wandering Thoughts, 306 Repentant Sinners and Their Ministers, 30g JOHN COTTON 314 Swine and Goats, 314 Hypocrites and Saints, 316 Wading in Grace, 318 Christian Calling, 319 Purchasing Christ, 327 INCREASE MATHER 334 Predestination and Human Exertions, 335 Man Knows Not His Time, 340 Sleeping at Sermons, 348 URIAN OAKES w 35° The Sovereign Efficacy of Divine Providence, 350 JOSHUA MOODY Souldiery Spiritualized, 367 SAMUEL WILLARD Saints Not Known by Externals, 369 The Death of a Saint, 371 Degenerating New England, 374 SAMUEL SEWALL Phaenomena, 376 NOTES BIBLIOGRAPHIES INDEX Volume II Chapter IV MANNERS, CUSTOMS, AND BEHAVIOR. . Readings JOHN SMITH The Sea Markc, 395 Advertisement for the Unexperienced Planters, 396 THOMAS LECHFORD Plain Dealing, 401 JASPER DANCKAERTS Journal, 404 INCREASE MATHER An Arrow against Profane and Promiscuous Dancing, 411 395 401 403 4" JOHN DUNTON Letters, 414 SARAH KEMBLE KNIGHT The Journal of Madam Knight, 425 JOSEPH GREEN Extracts from Diary, 448 COTTON MATHER The Accomplished Singer, 451 SOLOMON STODDARD .... An Answer to Some Cases of Conscience, 454 Chapter V BIOGRAPHIES AND LETTERS 459 Readings JOHN WINTHROP 465 Letters of the Winthrops, 465 THOMAS SHEPARD 47’ Autobiography, 471 ROGER WILLIAMS 475 Letters, 475 INCREASE MATHER 489 The Life of Richard Mather, 489 COTTON MATHER 496 Life of John Eliot, 497 SAMUEL SEWALL 511 Diary, 511 JOHN WILLIAMS 530 The Redeemed Captive, 530 EBENEZER TURELL 536 Benjamin Colman, 536 Jane Turell, 541 Chapter VI POETRY 545 Readings JOHN WILSON --A The London Plague, 553 3 THE BAY PSALM BOOK Psalms, 556 ' 033 ANNE BRADSTREET , Spring, 562 Contemplations, 564 The Flesh and the Spirit, 570 To My Dear and Loving Husband, 573 A Letter to Her Husband, 573 Meditations, 574 Longing for Heaven, 57g NATHANIEL WARD, JOHN ROGERS, AND JOHN NORTON . . c8u On Mrs. Bradstreet’s Tenth Muse (Ward), 580 3 Upon Mrs. Anne Bradstreet (Rogers), 581 A Funeral Elogy (Norton), 583 MICHAEL WIGGLESWORTH 585 A Prayer, 586 The Day of Doom, 587 A Short Discourse on Eternity, 606 A Song of Emptiness, 608 God’s Controversy with New-England, 611 Meat Out of the Eater, 616 Light in Darkness, 624 Strength in Weakness, 626 Poor Men’s Wealth, 626 Heavenly Crowns for Thorny Wreaths, 628 EDWARD JOHNSON 630 Two Epitaphs, 630 SAMUEL BRADSTREET AND DANIEL RUSSELL 631 Two Almanac Poems, 632 BENJAMIN TOMPSON ’ 635 New Englands Crisis, 636 URIAN OAKES 640 An Elegy, 641 EDWARD TAYLOR 650 Poetical Works, 652 Preparatory Meditations, 656c ROGER WOLCOTT 6560 Poetical Meditations, 657 A Brief Account of Winthrop, 658 MATHER BYLES 661 An Hymn to Christ, 663 Chapter VII LITERARY THEORY 665 Readings THE BAY PSALM BOOK 669 The Preface, 670 THOMAS HOOKER ... 672 A Survey of the Summe of Church Discipline, 672 MICHAEL WIGGLESWORTH 673 The Prayse of Eloquence, 674 COTTON MATHER 678 Psalterium Americanum, 678 JOHN BULKLEY ■ 680 Wolcott’s Poetical Meditations, 681 COTTON MATHER .... 684 Of Poetry and Style, 684 MATHER BYLES Bombastic and Grubstreet Style, 68 > Chapter VIII EDUCATION • ' ’ Readings NEW ENGLANDS FIRST FRUITS • In Respect of the College, 701 CHARLES CHAUNCY A Commencement Sermon, 705 LEONARD HOAR Letter to His Nephew, 708 714 THOMAS SHEPARD, JR • Letter to His Son, 715 ' 3 72O INCREASE MATHER ■ A Presidential Address, 721 * 721 COTTON MATHER ' An Elegy on Ezekiel Cheever, 722 Some Special Points Relating to Education, 724 Chapter IX SCIENCE Readings SAMUEL DANFORTH An Astronomical Description, 738 JOHN WINTHROP, JR Letter concerning Some Natural Curiosities, 740 LEONARD HOAR Letter to Robert Boyle, 742 NOADIAH RUSSELL AND WILLIAM WILLIAMS Concerning Lightning and Thunder, 744 Concerning the Nature of Comets, 745 PAUL DUDLEY Method of Making Maple Sugar, 747 Method for Discovering where Bees Hive, 748 COTTON MATHER The Christian Philosopher, 750 THOMAS BRATTLE The Witchcraft Delusion, 758 ZABDIEL BOYLSTON The Way of Proceeding in Small Pox, 763 NOTES 765 BIBLIOGRAPHIES 777 INDEX 819 Illustrations Volume I Portrait of Richard Mather frontispiece Map of New England xvi-xvii Letter of John Winthrop to His Wife page 80 Title Page of Nathaniel Ward’s The Simple Cobler . . page 180 Volume II Page of Samuel Sewall’s Diary frontispiece Letter of Margaret Winthrop to Her Husband . . page 458 Page of Edward Taylor’s Manuscript page 664 Broadside of Theses for a Harvard Commencement, 1678 page 728 The Map of New England has been prepared especially for this volume. The page of Taylor’s manuscript is reproduced through the courtesy of Yale University Library. All the other reproductions are by courtesy of the Massachusetts Historical Society.